The universe as well as the human body are made up of five basic elements collectively called ‘Pancha Mahabhootas'. These are Aakash (Ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (Fire), Jala (Water), and Prithvi (Earth). The sixth mandatory component of life is Atma (life spirit), without which life ceases. The human body is made up of Doshas, Dhatus and Malas. Vata, Pitta and kapha, known as the tridoshas, are physiological entities of the body which are responsible for carrying out all the functions of the body. Dhatus are the structural entities of the body. These are Rasa (Plasma), Rakta (Blood cells), Mamsa (Muscular tissue), Meda (Fatty tissue), Asthi (Bone tissue), Majja (Bone marrow), and Shukra (Hormonal and other genital secretions).
Agni (Metabolic fire) is in thirteen different forms and carries out the whole metabolism of the body. The waste products of the body which are excretable are produced in the body as by-products of metabolism. These are known as malas, which include pureesh (faeces), Sweda (sweat), and Mutra (urine). All biotransformations within the body occur through Srotases (body channels), which are the sites for action of Agni.